History Documentary: Last of the Tsars - Nicholas II & Alexandra. Documentary: the lives of the last Tsar and Tsarina of Russia.
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| Tsar Nicholas II, in a British uniform 1909 |
Nicholas II or Nikolai II (Russian: Николай II Nikolay
Vtoroy; 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918) was the last Emperor of
Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March
1917. His reign saw the fall of the Russian Empire from being one of the
foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse. Due to
the Khodynka Tragedy, anti-Semitic pogroms, Bloody Sunday, the violent
suppression of the 1905 Revolution, the execution of political opponents and
his perceived responsibility for the Russo-Japanese War, he was given the
nickname Nicholas the Bloody by his political enemies.
Russia suffered a decisive defeat in the Russo-Japanese War,
which saw the annihilation of the Russian Baltic Fleet at the Battle of
Tsushima, loss of Russian influence over Manchuria and Korea, and the Japanese
annexation of South Sakhalin. The Anglo-Russian Entente, designed to counter
German attempts to gain influence in the Middle East, ended the Great Game
between Russia and the United Kingdom.
As head of state, Nicholas approved the Russian mobilization
on 31 July 1914, which led to Germany declaring war on Russia on the following
day. It is estimated that around 3.3 million Russians were killed in World War
I.[4] The Imperial Army's severe losses and the High Command's incompetent
management of the war efforts, along with the lack of food and other supplies
on the Home Front, were the leading causes of the fall of the Romanov dynasty.
Following the February Revolution of 1917 Nicholas abdicated
on behalf of himself and his son, and he and his family were imprisoned. In the
spring of 1918, Nicholas was handed over to the local Ural Soviet; with the
approval of Lenin, Nicholas and his family were eventually executed by the
Bolsheviks on the night of 16–17 July 1918. The recovered remains of the
Imperial Family were finally re-interred in St. Petersburg in 1998.
Credits: Wikipedia
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